Cien apellidos

Cien apellidos (también "Todos los apellidos", "Apellidos de cien familias", "Baijiaxing"; chino 百家姓, pinyin Bǎijiāxìng , pall. Baijiaxing ) - una lista de rimas de apellidos chinos . Ampliamente conocido en China , ya que sirvió como texto educativo para memorizar jeroglíficos . Creado a principios de la era Song del Norte . Autor desconocido. Al principio, la lista constaba de 411 apellidos, luego se complementó con 504, entre ellos un jeroglífico - 444, dos - 60.

Se cree que los primeros cuatro apellidos "Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li" están ordenados para indicar los gobernantes de la época de compilación de la lista: Zhao - emperador de Song, Qian - wang del reino de Wu-yue, Sun - esposa de wang Qian, Li - wang del reino del Sur Tan.

La secuencia de apellidos no refleja su prevalencia real, sino que se selecciona de acuerdo con la rima , la facilidad de pronunciación en la lista. "Cien Apellidos" junto con " Mil Palabras " y " Tres Palabras " conforman los tres textos mnemotécnicos más populares para aprender a leer y escribir y para memorizar jeroglíficos, abreviados como " Tres, cien, mil ". .

Texto Baijiaxing

(Bai
Bǎi
) (jia
jia
) (xing
xing
)
(zhao
zhao
) (qian
qian
) (sol
sol
) (Lee
)
(Zhou
Zhou
) (wu
-wu
) (zheng
zheng
) (wang
wang
)
(feng
feng
) (chen
chen
) (Chu
Chǔ
) (wei
wei
)
(Jiang
Jiong
) (shen
shen
) (han
han
) (yang
yang
)
(Zhu
Zhu
) (qin
qin
) (tu
tu
) (Xu
)
(él
él
) (
) (shi
shi
) (zhang
zhang
)
(Kong
King
) (cao
cao
) (yan
yan
) (hua
hua
)
(jin
jin
) (wei
wei
) (tao
tao
) (jiang
jiang
)
(qi
qi
) (Xie
Xie
) (Zou
Zou
) (yu
yu
)
(Bai
Bǎi
) (Shui
shuǐ
) (dou
dou
) (zhang
zhang
)
(yun
yun
) (su
su
) (Pan
Pan
) (ge
ge
)
(xi
xi
) (ventilador
ventilador
) (peng
peng
) (Lan
Lang
)
(Lou
) (wei
wei
) (cha
chang
) (Ma
)
(miao
miao
) (feng
feng
) (hua
hua
) (
Colmillo de abanico
)
(yu
yu
) (ren
ren
) (yuan
yuan
) (Liu
Liǔ
)
(feng
feng
) (bao
bao
) (Shi
Shǐ
) (bronceado
tan
)
(Fei
Fei
) (lian
lian
) (cen
cen
) (Xue
Xue
)
(lei
lei
) (él
él
) (Ni
Ni
) (bronceado
tan
)
(teng
teng
) (yin
yin
) (Lo
Luo
) (bi
-bi
)
(Hao
Hǎo
) (Wu
_
) (un
an
) (cha
chang
)
(yue
yue
) (yu
yu
) (shi
shi
) (fu
-fu
)
(pi
pi
) (bian
bian
) (qi
qi
) (kan
kang
)
(Wu
) (yu
yu
) (yuan
yuan
) (Boo
)
(gu
gu
) (meng
meng
) (Marcar
ping
) (huang
huang
)
(él
él
) (mu
mu
) (xiao
xiao
) (yin
yan
)
(yao
yao
) (shao
shao
) (Zhan
Zhan
) (wang
wang
)
(qi
qi
) (mao
mao
) (Yu
) (Dee
Dee
)
(Mi
) (bahía
bei
) (ming
ming
) (zang
zang
)
(Ji
Ji
) (fu
-fu
) (chen
chen
) (dar
dai
)
(bronceado
bronceado
) (
Canción del sol
) (mao
mao
) (Pan
Pang
)
(Xiong
Xiong
) (Ji
Ji
) (shu
shu
) (Qu
Qu
)
(xiang
xiang
) (Zhu
Zhu
) (Dong
Dong
) (liang
liang
)
(doo
du
) (Ruǎn
Ruǎn
) (
doe lan
) (Ming
Mǐn
)
(xi
xi
) (Ji
Ji
) (mamá
mamá
) (qiang
qiang
)
(Jia
Jiǎ
) ·(lulu
_
) (lou
lou
) (wei
wei
)
(jiang
jiang
) (Tong
Tong
) (yan
yan
) (ir
guo
)
(mei
mei
) (sheng
sheng
) (lin
lin
) (diao
diao
)
(Zhong
Zhong
) (Xu
Xu
) (qiu
qiu
) (luo
luo
)
(gao
gao
) (Xia
Xia
) (cai
cai
) (tian
tian
)
(ventilador
ventilador
) (hu
hu
) (ling
ling
) (Ho
Huo
)
(yu
yu
) (wan
wan
) (zhi
zhi
) (ke
ke
)
(Zan
Zǎn
) (Guan
Guǎn
) (lulu
_
) (Mo
Mo
)
(jing
jing
) (
Colmillo de abanico
) (qiu
qiu
) (miao
miao
)
(Gan
Gan
) (Xie
Xie
) (ying
ying
) (Zong
Zong
)
(ding
ding
) (xuan
xuan
) (ben
ben
) (dan
deng
)
(yu
yu
) (shan
shan
) (khan
cuelgue
) (hong
hong
)
(bao
bao
) (Zhu
Zhu
) (Zuo
Zuǒ
) (shi
shi
)
(cui
cui
) (ji
ji
) (Nu
Niǔ
) (gong
gong
)
(chen
chen
) (Ji
Ji
) (Xing
Xing
) (hua
hua
)
(pei
-pei
) (lulu
_
) (rong
rong
) (weng
weng
)
(xun
xun
) (yang
yang
) (yu
yu
) (hui
hui
)
(Zhen
Zhen
) (Qu
Qu
) (Jia
Jia
) (feng
feng
)
(rui
rui
) 羿(Y
yo
) (Chu
Chǔ
) (jin
jin
)
(ji
ji
) (Bin
Bang
) (mi
mi
) (canción
canción
)
(Ching
Jǐng
) (duan
duan
) (fu
-fu
) (Wu
_
)
(Wu
_
) (jiao
jiao
) (ba
ba
) (gong
gong
)
(mu
mu
) (kui
kui
) (shan
shan
) (Gu
)
(che
che
) (hou
hou
) (mi
mi
) (peng
peng
)
(Quan
Quan
) (xi
xi
) (prohibir
prohibir
) (yang
yang
)
(qiu
qiu
) (Zhong
Zhong
) (y
yi
) (gong
gong
)
(Ning
Ning
) (qiu
qiu
) (luan
luan
) (bao
bao
)
(Gan
Gan
) (Tou
Dǒu
) (lee
li
) (rong
rong
)
(Zu
) (Wu
) (fu
-fu
) (liu
liu
)
(Ching
Jǐng
) (Zhan
Zhan
) (shu
shu
) (largo
largo
)
(si
si
) (Xing
Xing
) (si
si
) (shao
shao
)
(gao
gao
) (li
li
) (Ji
Ji
) (bo
-bo
)
(yin
yin
) 宿(su
su
) (bai
bai
) (huai
huai
)
(pu
pu
) (Tai
Tai
) (Cong
Cong
) (mi
e
)
(Así que
Suǒ
) (xian
xian
) (ji
ji
) (lai
lai
)
(Zhuo
Zhuo
) (lin
lin
) (tu
tu
) (meng
meng
)
(chi
-chi
) (qiao
qiao
) (yin
yin
) (yu
yu
)
(Xu
Xu
) (nai
nai
) (cang
-cang
) (shuang
shuang
)
(wen
wen
) (shen
shen
) (dan
dong
) (zhai
zhai
)
(bronceado
bronceado
) (gong
gong
) (lao
lao
) (Pan
Pang
)
(Ji
Ji
) (shen
shen
) (fu
-fu
) (Doo
)
(Jan
Rǎn
) (Zai
Zǎi
) (lee
li
) (yun
yong
)
(xi
xi
) (Qu
Qu
) (san
cantó
) (gui
gui
)
(pu
pu
) (niu
niu
) (Mostrar
Mostrar
) (Tun
)
(bian
bian
) (hu
hu
) (yan
yan
) (Ji
Ji
)
(jia
jia
) (Pu
) (shang
shang
) (nong
nong
)
(wen
wen
) (ser
bueno
) (zhuang
zhuang
) (yan
yan
)
(
té chai
) (Qu
Qu
) (yan
yan
) (chun
chong
)
(mu
mu
) (lian
lian
) (zhu-
ru
) (xi
xi
)
(huan
huan
) (ai
ai
) (yu
yu
) (rong
rong
)
(xiang
xiang
) (Gu
) (Y
yo
) (shen
shen
)
(ge
ge
) (liao
liao
) (Yu
) (Zhong
Zhong
)
(Ji
Ji
) (ju
-ju
) (heng
heng
) (bubu
_
)
(doo
doo
) (Gen
Ging
) 滿(Hombre
Mǎn
) (hong
hong
)
(kuang
kuang
) (guo
guo
) (wen
wen
) (kou
kou
)
(Guang
Guǎng
) 祿(lulu
_
) (que
que
) (dong
dong
)
(oh
tu
) (shu
shu
) (Wò_
_
) (lee
li
)
(yu
yu
) (yue
yue
) (kui
kui
) (Luna
)
(shi
shi
) (gong
gong
) (ella
ella
) (No
Nie
)
(chao
chao
) (ir
gou
) (Ao
Ao
) (rong
rong
)
(lan
leng
) (Tzu
) (xin
xin
) (kan
kan
)
(en
na
) (Jian
Jiǎn
) (zhao
rao
) (Kun
)
(zeng
zeng
) (wu
-wu
) (sha
sha
) (No
Nie
)
(yang
yang
) (ju
-ju
) (Xu
Xu
) (feng
feng
)
(chao
chao
) (guan
guan
) (Kuai
Kuǎi
) (Xiang Xiang
(à)
)
(Zha
Zha
) (hou
hou
) (jing
jing
) (hong
hong
)
(tu
tu
) (Zhu
Zhu
) (Quan
Quan
) (lulu
_
)
(ge
ge
) (Y
yo
) (huan
huan
) (gong
gong
)
万俟(
Mochi Mòqí
) 司馬(Sima
Simǎ
)
上官(Shangguan
_
) 歐陽(Ouyang
Ouyang
)
夏侯(Xiahou
Xiàhóu
) 諸葛(Zhuge
Zhuge
)
聞人(wenren
wenren
) 東方(Dongfang
Dongfang
)
赫連(Helián
Helián
) 皇甫(Huangfu
Huangfǔ
)
尉遲(yuchi
yuchi
) 公羊(Gongyang
Gongyang
)
澹臺(Tantai
Tantai
) 公冶(Gunye
Gōngyě
)
宗政(Zongzheng
Zongzheng
) 濮陽(Puyang
Puyang
)
淳于(chunyu
chunyu
) 單于(Chanyu
Chanyu
)
太叔(Taishu
) 申屠(Shentu
Shēntu
)
公孫(Gongsun
Gōngsūn
) 仲孫(Zhongsun
Zhongsun
)
軒轅(Xuanyuan
Xuanyuan
) 令狐(Linghu
)
鐘離(Zhongli
Zhongli
) 宇文(Yuwen
Yǔwén
)
長孫(Zhangsun
Zhǎngsun
) 慕容(
Murong Murong
)
鮮于(Xianyu
Xianyu
) 閭丘(Luqiu
Lǘqiū
)
司徒(
Situ Situ
) 司空(Sikong
Sikong
)
亓官(Qiguan
_
) 司寇(Sikou
Sikou
)
(Zhang
Zhong
) (doo
doo
) 子車(Ziju
Zǐjū
)
顓孫(Zhuansun_
_
) 端木(Duanmu
Duanmu
)
巫馬(Uma
Wūmǎ
) 公西(Gongxi
Gōngxi
)
漆雕(Qidyao
Qīdiao
) 樂正(Yuezheng
Yuezheng
)
壤駟(
Vaqueros Rǎngsì
) 公良(Gongliang
Gongliang
)
拓拔(Toba
Tuobá
) 夾谷(Jiagu
)
宰父(Zaifu
Zǎifu
) 穀粱(Guliang
Gǔliang
)
(jin
jin
) (Chu
Chǔ
) (yan
yan
) (Fa
)
(Zhu
) (yan
yan
) (tu
tu
) (qin
qin
)
段干(Duangan
Duangan
) 百里(Bailey
Bǎilǐ
)
東郭(Dungo
Dōngguō
) 南門(nanmen
nanmen
)
呼延(Huyán
Huyán
) (gui
gui
) (Hai
Hǎi
)
羊舌(yangshe
yangshe
) 微生(Weisheng
Weisheng
)
(yue
yue
) (Shuai
Shuai
) (ir
gou
) (kang
kang
)
(Quan
Kuang
) (hou
hou
) (Yu
Yǒu
) (qin
ain
)
梁丘(liangqiu
liangqiu
) 左丘(Zuoqiu
Zuǒqiū
)
東門(Dongmen
Dongmen
) 西門(Ximen
Ximen
)
(shang
shang
) (
mo mu
) (ella
ella
) (nai
nai
)
(bo
-bo
) (Shang
Shǎng
) 南宮(Nangong
Nangong
)
(Mo
Mo
) (Ja
) (Qiao
) (si
si
)
(nian
nian
) (ai
ai
) (yang
yang
) (Tong
Tong
)
第五(Diu
Dìwǔ
) (yan
yan
) (fu
-fu
)
(Bai
Bǎi
)(jia
jia
)(xing
xing
)(zhong
zhong
)[una]

Véase también

Literatura

Notas

  1. El último grupo de cuatro jeroglíficos significa "así terminaron cien apellidos". Esta frase sólo formaliza el llenado de la lista y no implica la designación de apellidos.

Enlaces